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Research Readings Candle formations

Last one-hour engulfing pattern

Also shown as Engulfing (1h)

Looks at the last two completed one-hour candles and asks whether the most recent body swallows the one before it, with the two candles pointing in opposite directions.

Interactive illustration · not market data

The body must cover both ends

ReadingBullish engulfingPrevious body 100-104; last body 99-106
Completed candles only. Both body edges must strictly cover the previous body. Equality does not qualify; wicks are ignored. A shape is not a forecast.
Live monitoring
Binance Futures only; depends on the full setup
Observed
from the last completed one-hour candle
States
none, bullish, bearish
How to read it, with examples

How to read it

Take the last completed one-hour candle and the completed candle before it. The last candle's body must strictly cover the previous body: its top strictly higher and its bottom strictly lower, and equality at either end never counts. Bullish when the previous candle closed down and the last closed up; bearish when the previous closed up and the last closed down; otherwise none. Wicks play no part. A missing or uncovered reference candle makes the reading absent rather than none. The candle still building is never read, so the label cannot repaint inside a candle.

Constructed example · not historical data

A bullish engulfing pair, drawn

  • Previous completed candleopen 104, close 100, high 105, low 99; closed down: body 100 to 104
  • Last completed candleopen 99, close 106, high 107, low 98; closed up: body 99 to 106
  1. Body top 106 is above the previous body top 104, and body bottom 99 is below the previous body bottom 100: the last body strictly covers the previous body at both ends.
  2. Previous close 100 is below its open 104 (closed down); last close 106 is above its open 99 (closed up): bullish. The mirror image is bearish.
  3. A body top of exactly 104 or a body bottom of exactly 100 would not count: equality never engulfs. Wicks are ignored.
  4. Only completed candles are read. The one-hour candle still building never counts, so the reading cannot repaint; it changes only when a candle closes.
Constructed prices on an arbitrary scale. The reading is the label bullish, bearish or none; it carries no size, so a body that covers the previous one by a hair and one that covers it by a mile read the same.

Count how often a one-hour engulfing appears and read what followed over the recorded outcomes, or use it as one step of a sequence (an engulfing, then a stated move within a stated time) so the record counts completions of the whole pattern.

What it does not prove

An engulfing label is a shape, not a forecast. It says nothing about the size of either candle, the volume behind them or the direction of the next move.

More limits

The rule is strict at both ends, so a near miss reads none, and the same label covers a tiny pair and a huge one.

Use in Research
Technical details

Registry definition

Engulfing-body classification for the latest closed one-hour candle.

Field ID

feature.candle_engulfing_1h

Valid query operators

is, is any of

Editable query preset

Derived from the valid range. Review and edit before running.

{
  "schema_version": "research_query.v2",
  "normalization_version": "archive_normalization.v1",
  "feature_version": "feature_defs.v1",
  "target": "record_occurrences",
  "where": {
    "all": [
      [
        "feature.candle_engulfing_1h",
        "eq",
        "bullish"
      ],
      [
        "times.anchor_time",
        "gte",
        "2025-07-15T00:00:00.000Z"
      ]
    ]
  },
  "sort": [
    "times.anchor_time",
    "desc"
  ],
  "page": {
    "limit": 5,
    "cursor": null
  }
}

The search reports how often the record held this condition and what followed. It does not decide whether an idea works.

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